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Iron(II) Chloride（FeCl2）
Iron(II) chloride is used in the synthesis of iron complexes like iron(II) hydroxide. It acts as a precursor to hydrated iron(III) oxides that are magnetic pigments. It serves as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. Also, used as a reducing flocculating agent in wastewater treatment, especially for wastes containing chromate. It is used as an intermediate, in pigments, processing aids and in solids separation agents.
Indium(I) Chloride (InCl)
Indium(I) chloride (InCl) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula InCl, which is red and yellow. It is stable at room temperature and pressure, and it will completely turn yellow if it is left in the dark for eight days. The transition temperature from yellow to red is 125 ~ 135℃. Yellow is stable at low temperature, and immediately turns dark green when exposed to light. When it meets the moisture in the air, it will decompose slowly, and it will decompose immediately when it meets water.
Iron(III) Chloride（FeCl3）
Iron(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula FeCl3. Also called ferric chloride, it is a common compound of iron in the +3 oxidation state. The anhydrous compound is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 307.6 °C. The color depends on the viewing angle: by reflected light the crystals appear dark green, but by transmitted light they appear purple-red.
Chromium(III) Chloride（CrCl3）
Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is a violet coloured solid with the formula CrCl3.Although it is ionic, the solid state structure is kinetically inert so that anhydrous CrCl3 is surprisingly reluctant to dissolve in water. However, in the presence of a trace of a reducing agent capable of reducing Cr3+ to Cr2+, the CrCl3 dissolves rapidly to form soluble complexes containing hydrated Cr3+ ions. This inertness means that CrCl3 is generally sluggish to react without the presence of a reducing agent. When it does react it undergoes ligand substitution reactions to form other complexes of chromium(III). It reacts as a Lewis acid, forming stable chloro complexes such as [CrCl6]3-.
Scandium(III) Chloride（ScCl3）
High purity 99.99% Scandium Chloride ScCl3 powder cas no 10361-84-9 Scandium(Iii) Chloride,Scandium (III) chloride, anhydrous (99.99%-Sc) (REO), sublimed, SCANDIUM,CHLORIDE;SCANDIUM,CHLORIDE(SCCL3);SCANDIUM TRICHLORIDE;SCANDIUM(III) CHLORIDE;Scandium(III) chloride, anhydrous, ScCl3
Antimony(III) Chloride（SbCl3)
Antimony trichloride is prepared by reaction of chlorine with antimony, antimony tribromide, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide. It also may be made by treating antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
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Anhydrous Metal Chloride
It is known that anhydrous metal chlorides, for example aluminium chloride can be obtained by treating a material containing the oxids of the metals such as alumina, with phosgene or 5 with carbon monoxid and chlorine at about red heat. However, when carrying out this process on a technical scale, great difiiculties were observed as the heat required was supplied in a very inconvenient manner; either the reaction vessel which then had to consist entirely of a material proof to chlorine, was heated externally or the gases were introduced into the vessel in a very hot state or the process was combined with a reaction supplying a great excess of heat such as the reaction of aluminium metal with chlorine.We have now found that no supply of heat at all is necessary in practice provided the reaction vessel is well insulated against loss of heat. Once the reaction is started, cold gas can be continuously introduced into the reaction chamber, and also the metal oxid, or material containing the metal oxid, can be supplied and the solid residue removed continuously or at intervals.Preferably the reaction is carried out in a shaft furnace, the inner parts of which consist of fire clay, quartz or other material sufficiently stable against carbon monoxid and chlorine at high temperatures, while the external shell of the furnace is made of a metal. Between the metallic casing and the inner parts is arranged a mass possessing small thermal conductivity, for example diatomaceous earth. While in the interior of the furnace suiliciently high temperatures are maintained by the reaction, the external metallic shell remains cool so that no difficulties are observed in rendering the furnace gas-tight. The upper part of the furnace is provided with a suitable pipe or the like for withdrawing the metal chloride vapors and the carbon dioxid formed by the reaction, and with an opening suitable for introducing the oxidic material. The lower part of the furnace is provided with openings for removing the residues and for introducing the reaction gases.The process may be carried out with the carbon monoxid and chlorine combined to phosgene, but preferably with a mixture of equal volumes of carbon monoxid and chlorine, as in this case the development of heat is much greater. Even higher temperatures than are advantageous for the reaction may occur and in this case part of the carbon monoxid may be replaced by an admixture of coal or coke to the metal oxid ma- .terial so that the carbon dioxid formed in the reaction reacts with the carbon and is thereby again converted to carbon monoxid.The metal oxid material, for example pure or crude alumina, aluminium silicate such as china clay, rutile, chromite and the like, is preferably introduced into the furnace in the form of lumps after being desiccated by heating to incandescence. For starting the reaction, the mass is then heated, for example by burning therein producer gas until a temperature of at least 450 C. or preferably a little higher is reached. This temperature being once reached, heating is discontinued and the process can be carried out continuously without any further supply of heat with cold reaction gases blown in and introducing for example china clay in a cold state, removing silica at the bottom. We have found that when working with china clay and similar materials, the form of lumps is maintained even after nearly all alumina is removed therefrom. When working with silicates, the residue is generally a, very pure silica which may be employed, either in the form of lumps or after pulverization, for various purposes, for example as heat insulating material.Impurities contained in the crude materials, for example oxids of iron or titanium as are found in bauxite, react more rapidly with carbon monoxid and chlorine than alumina; therefore, it is advantageous to treat the material first in a shaft furnace so rapidly as to remove substantially only the impurities, and then to treat the purified material anew in another shaft furnace in which substantially pure aluminium chloride is obtained.When aluminium chloride is to be prepared, the chloride vapors leaving the reaction vessel may also be purified by passing them prior to condensation, over metal turnings, for example over iron turnings or better aluminium turnings. Thereby ferric chloride is converted into dilficultly volatilizable ferrous chloride which can be easily separated from aluminium chloride, or into metallic iron.We claim:1. The process of producing aluminium chloride which comprises acting with carbon monoxid and chlorine on material containing alumina at about red heat and protecting the reacting materials against loss of heat until the readily volatilizable impurities are removed, and then converting the purified alumina material into aluminium chloride by repeating the process, heat being supplied in the treatment only for starting the reaction.lob2 The process of producing pure aluminum chloride from alumina which comprises initially removing the impurities from the alumina as vaporizable chlorides by reacting the alumina at red heat withams strea of carbon monoxide and chlorineawhile protecting the reacting materials against loss of heat, until said vaporizable chlos.chloride from bauxite which comprises initially removing the titanium and iron therefrom as vaporizable chlorides by reacting the bauxite at red heat with a rapid stream of carbon monoxid and chlorine, while protecting'the reaction against loss of heat, until said vaporizable chlorides are removed and then reacting the purified bauxite with further amounts of CO and C12 while protecting the reacting materials against loss of heat to producepurealuminum chloride, heat being supplied to the process only for starting the reaction.
How To Clean Deposition Materials Shipped In Oil?
In order to protect some deposited materials from reacting with air or water vapor, they are usually immersed in low-viscosity (hydrocarbon) mineral oil during storage and shipment. Before installing these composition materials shipped in oil into the vacuum system, we must use solvents to remove these oils. The choice of solvents is based on the premise that they do not act as additional contamination sources for the vacuum system or the subsequent thin-film processes.Choice of the SolventSome highly reactive deposition materials may react with certain solvents. Therefore, always choose the solvent that is strictly hydrocarbon in nature.Here are some solvents that are NOT recommended. You’d better NOT use them to remove the oil:* Do not use pyridine-like solvents containing nitrogen.* Do not use sulfur containing solvents, such as carbon disulfide.* Do not use any of the numerous chlorine-containing solvents, such as trichlorethylene is an example.* Do not use solvents, such as alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, furans, or others containing oxygen.And, here are some recommend some solvents. To minimize the expense associated with high purity, clean (solute-free) hydrocarbon solvents, you can use technical grade solvents, such astechnical grade hexane, heptane, iso-octane, in the initial cleaning steps.NOTE: High purity grades of hexane, heptane, or iso-octane must be shipped, stored, and used from glass containers. It's important to note that plastic squash bottles are not a suitable container choices for solvents. Although they are very convenient for storing and handling solvents, the low molecular weight polymers in the plastic are leached out by the solvent and remain as a residue when the solvent evaporates. Again, never use solvents stored in plastic containers.Precautions for Handling Organic SolventsNearly all organic solvents are health hazards, so please make sure:1) DO NOT breathe in solvent vapors or swallow solvent liquid2) DO NOT allow skin contact with the solvent or splashing solvent to touch the eyes3) DO NOT allow exposed flames or heaters near the vaporAnd, note that all solvent handling1) Should be done in an extractive fume hood, or glove box.2) Should be done only while wearing suitably protective eye shields, aprons, and absorbent respirator masks3)Should be done only while wearing gloves that have been tested to demonstrate that the solvents in use neither dissolve the gloves nor permeate through them.Environment RequiredIn order to delay the interaction between air and the material, it is better to clean the material in a leak-tight glove box under a slight positive pressure of argon. If this is not possible, please ensure that all cleaning steps are completed as quickly as possible in a fume hood or a well-ventilated area. This can minimize the time the material is exposed to the air and also reduce the time the operator is exposed to solvent fumes.Equipment and Materials NeededHere are the cleaning materials you need:* Suitably sized, chemically and physically clean glass receptacles (beakers or petrie dishes)* Technical purity d (used in the initial cleaning steps)* Extremely high purity hydrocarbon solvents (used in the following cleaning steps)* Lint-free tissues* Chemically and physically clean tongs or tweezers to handle the materials
Market Analysis And Insights : Global Ferric Chloride Market
The ferric chloride market is expected to witness market growth at a rate of 5.5% in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028 and is expected to reach USD 9,821.993 million by 2028. Data Bridge Market Research report on the ferric chloride market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecast period while providing their impacts on the market’s growth. The rise in the demand from waste-water treatment plants is escalating the growth of the ferric chloride market.Ferric chloride or iron (3+) chloride (FeCl3) can be referred to as a brownish liquid with a pungent odour similar to hydrochloric acid. It also occurs in solid lumps or anhydrous powder form. It is an industrial-scale commodity. It is an inorganic compound with a high miscibility affinity with acetone, water, and ethanol. It is accessible in powder and liquid form with a high melting point. It is used in several industries like chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgy, and electronics because of its solubility with organic solvents and exothermic nature, which assistances in the rising reaction rates.Major factors that are expected to boost the growth of the ferric chloride market in the forecast period are the rise in consumer alertness regarding waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid. Furthermore, the increase in the need for clean drinking water is further anticipated to propel the growth of the ferric chloride market. Moreover, the rise in strict regulations to reduce water pollution is further estimated to cushion the growth of the ferric chloride market. On the other hand, the strict regulations executed in companies during the manufacturing and shipment of ferric chloride products are further projected to impede the growth of the ferric chloride market in the timeline period.In addition, the unused industry for its application as a catalyst will further provide potential opportunities for the growth of the ferric chloride market in the coming years. However, the intimidations from alternatives, such as aluminium chloride, aluminium sulfate, and ferric sulfate, might further challenge the growth of the ferric chloride market in the near future.This ferric chloride market report provides details of new recent developments, trade regulations, import-export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimization, market share, the impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, strategic market growth analysis, market size, category market growths, application niches and dominance, product approvals, product launches, geographical expansions, technological innovations in the market. To gain more info on the ferric chloride market, contact Data Bridge Market Research for an Analyst Brief. Our team will help you take an informed market decision to achieve market growth.
